GC Agenda China: February 2016 | Practical Law

GC Agenda China: February 2016 | Practical Law

 A look back at the most recent legal developments for general counsel (GC) and their advisers working on China-related matters. GC Agenda China identifies and analyses the key issues that affect businesses, provides insight from leading legal practitioners and professionals, and gives specific and actionable guidance in response to these issues.

GC Agenda China: February 2016

Practical Law UK Articles 2-623-5954 (Approx. 10 pages)

GC Agenda China: February 2016

by Brad Herrold, Consultant and Practical Law China
Law stated as at 26 Feb 2016China
A look back at the most recent legal developments for general counsel (GC) and their advisers working on China-related matters. GC Agenda China identifies and analyses the key issues that affect businesses, provides insight from leading legal practitioners and professionals, and gives specific and actionable guidance in response to these issues.
The February 2016 edition of GC Agenda China is the twenty-third in the series.

Speedread

A look back at the most recent legal developments for general counsel and their advisers working on China-related matters. GC Agenda China identifies and investigates the key issues affecting businesses, provides insight from leading practitioners and gives specific and actionable guidance in response to these issues.
This month's GC Agenda covers:
  • Online publishing provisions revised by SAPPRFT and MIIT.
  • MLR's implementing rules for unified real property registration.
  • Private investment fund disclosure rules issued by AMAC.
  • SAFE rules on foreign exchange for securities investments by QFII.
  • PBOC's new rules on pilot cross border financing in FTZs.
  • SAIC's new draft guidelines on abuse of IPR.
The February 2016 edition of GC Agenda China is the twenty-third in the series.

SAPPRFT and MIIT issue revised online publishing provisions

On 4 February 2016, the State Administration of Press, Publications, Radio, Film and Television (SAPPRFT) and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) jointly issued the Provisions on the Administration of Network Publishing Services 2016 (网络出版服务管理规定). The provisions will replace the Interim Provisions on Internet Publication Administration 2002, with effect from 10 March 2016.
Under the 2016 provisions, “online publishing services” refers to the public dissemination of online publications through an information network. “Online publications” refers to digital works with editing, production, processing and other publishing features, including the following:
  • Text, images, maps, games, animation, audio-visual books and other original digital works of literature, art, science and so on.
  • Content consistent with published books, newspapers, periodicals, audio-visual products, electronic publications and other digital works.
  • New selections, arrangements and collections of the above content.
  • Other digital works as identified by SAPPRFT.
This new definition broadens the scope of online publications to capture online maps and document databases, as well as future innovations within the internet sector.
The new provisions also raise the licensing qualifications threshold for certain types of online publishing service providers. An online publishing unit that publishes books, audio products, electronics and periodicals online must obtain a Network Publishing Services Licence and possess each of the following:
  • A fixed place of business.
  • Content review and editing systems.
  • Various personnel requirements, including a Chinese legal representative and SAPPRFT-authorised publishers and editors.
Foreign investment in this sector is prohibited, and co-operation between an online publisher and a foreign-invested enterprise or a foreign entity or individual is prohibited without prior approval from SAPPRFT.
For more information on the regulation of telecommunications and online publishing, see Practice note, Telecommunications and internet content regulation in China: overview.

Market reaction

Zhang Hongbin, partner, JunHe LLP, Beijing

“In recent years, the online publishing industry has undergone a speedy evolution, which triggered the need to update the Interim Provisions on Internet Publication Administration 2002. The new provisions revised the licensing requirements and procedures for a Network Publishing Services Licence and strengthened the power of publishing administration authorities to approve and supervise online publishing services, which will inevitably have a material impact on the online publishing service industry. On the other hand, given the fact that the definition prescribed under the provisions is far too extensive, we await the publication of detailed classifications of online publishing service business. In the meantime, we may also expect the publishing administration authorities to clarify the scope of application of the provisions through practice.”

Action items

GC for companies that do business with online publishing service providers will wish to become familiar with the revised rules and ensure that each online publisher is properly licensed and that the SAPPFRT has expressly approved each arrangement.

MLR releases implementing rules for unified real property registration

On 20 January 2016, the Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) released the Detailed Rules of Implementation of the Interim Regulations on Real Estate Registration 2016. The implementing rules, which took effect 1 January 2016, flesh out the specific requirements for the registration of real property, referred to as “immovable property” in Chinese law.
Specifically, the implementing rules:
  • Streamline the registration procedure for immovable property.
  • Standardise documentation and procedural requirements for the various categories of immovable property registration.
  • Standardise documentation and procedural requirements for registration of the various types of immovable property rights.
  • Clarify procedural requirements for special registration scenarios.
  • Detail the criteria for conducting property searches at the office of the relevant registration authority under the MLR.
In relation to certain types of registration applications, the registration authority is required to publicise a pending registration on its official website and at certain designated physical locations before completing a registration. This rule permits the public to submit dissenting opinions in relation to the proposed registration.
In addition, where a developer applies for the initial registration of a newly developed building, it must register all common areas within the construction zone (together with the land use rights to these occupied areas) as immovable property jointly owned by all the owners. Where an individual owner subsequently sells a particular property unit, the seller’s rights and interests in the common areas are simultaneously transferred to the buyer.
For further information on the implementing rules, see Legal update, MLR releases implementing rules for unified real property registration.

Market reaction

Rico Chan, partner, Baker & McKenzie, Hong Kong

“The implementing rules, in 108 articles, hopefully will provide a much higher degree of uniformity in the local rules and practices in all cities in China in respect of title registration for immovable properties. In particular, we are glad that the MLR has accepted a number of our comments on the consultation draft, including clarifying that it is the obligation, rather than the discretion, of the local title registration authorities to provide certified search records to parties who are qualified to make the title search.”

Action items

GC for companies holding or purchasing real property assets in China, including land use rights and improvements as well as ancillary rights such as mortgages or easements, will want to become familiar with the unified real property registration rules and the criteria for conducting property searches. Real estate investors and users should continue to monitor the following aspects:
  • The national government is keen to roll out further market reforms in respect of rural land and whether good progress will be made on title registration of rural land now better facilitated by the implementing rules.
  • What documents will be required by the local registration authority to confirm that a party is a qualified "interested party" to conduct a title search. For example, will a letter of intent signed between the seller and the buyer suffice?
  • Whether a buyer (or other non-bank creditors) could, with the permission of the title owner (seller), register a mortgage over the property to give necessary transactional protection to the buyer (or creditor).

AMAC issues private investment fund disclosure rules

On 4 February 2016, the Asset Management Association of China (AMAC) (中国证券投资基金业协会) issued the Measures on the Administration of Private Investment Fund Information Disclosure (私募投资基金信息披露管理办法), which took effect immediately. AMAC is the industry association for securities investment funds authorized by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC).
The measures require “information disclosure obligees”, that is, private investment fund managers, fund custodians and other legal persons and organisations designated by the CSRC or AMAC, to disclose a broad range of information to investors, including the following information related to a fund:
  • Constitutional documents such as the fund contract, partnership agreement and articles of association.
  • Promotional documents such as the prospectus.
  • Sales agreement (if any).
  • Investment situation.
  • Assets and liabilities.
  • Allocation of investment income.
  • Costs and performance fees.
  • Potential conflicts of interest.
  • Significant disputes.
  • Other information that can significantly affect investors’ lawful rights and interests as determined by the CSRC or AMAC.
Information may be disclosed by letter, fax, email, website or third party, and it must be disclosed through AMAC’s online platform. The platform is currently under construction, but it is intended to provide search functionality for investors.
The measures also prohibit information disclosure obligees from disclosing:
  • False or misleading information such as predictive claims, inaccurate comparisons, puffery and so on.
  • Information in promotional materials (such as the prospectus) that is inconsistent with information in a fund’s constitutional documents.
  • Confidential information such as trade secrets or personal information.

Market reaction

Natasha Xie, partner, JunHe LLP, Shanghai

“AMAC’s new rules on information disclosure are designed to further regulate private fund managers and protect the rights and interests of fund investors. The supervision and regulation of private funds has moved to a new stage where private funds and fund managers are required to be more transparent and violations of information disclosure obligations will lead to various self-disciplinary sanctions.”

Action items

GC for private funds and fund managers should closely study the new disclosure rules and work with AMAC to ensure compliance in relation to their clients’ constitutional, promotional documents and so on, as well as compliance with the periodic disclosure requirements.

SAFE rules on foreign exchange for securities investments by QFII

On 3 February 2016, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) issued the Provisions on the Foreign Exchange Administration of the Securities Investment in the Mainland by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors 2016, which repealed with immediate effect similar provisions issued in 2009 and amended in 2012. Under the provisions, a Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) is required to obtain a licence from the CRSC and authorize a custodian (usually a commercial bank) to handle foreign exchange formalities with SAFE on its behalf.
The new provisions:
  • Replace the SAFE approval system for determining a QFII’s investment quota with a record-filing system (though SAFE approval is required for a QFII to exceed its investment quota).
  • Determine a QFII’s investment quota in one of these ways:
    • The maximum investment quota of a foreign sovereign fund, central bank, monetary authority and so on, is capped at USD5 billion.
    • The maximum investment quota of a private QFII is capped at the lesser of USD5 billion, or an amount calculated by reference to a bifurcated formula based on whether the bulk of the QFII’s assets (or securities assets under its management) are located inside or outside mainland China.
  • Reduce the minimum investment quota for all types of QFIIs to USD20 million.
  • Relax the lock-up period (that is, the period within which outward remittances of investment principal are prohibited) for all types of QFII’s to three months.
  • Remove the six-month deadline for the inward remittance of investment principal (though SAFE may remove all or part of a QFII’s investment quota if the QFII fails to use it within one year).
  • Remove the requirement that a QFII remit to and retain in China a cumulative investment principal of USD20 million.

Market reaction

Natasha Xie, partner, JunHe LLP, Shanghai

“Compared to the old rules, the new rules loosen certain restrictions in terms of investment quota, inflow and outflow of capital, lock-up periods and account opening. These changes provide more flexibility with the aim being to encourage QFIIs to participate in the domestic securities market.”

Action items

GC for institutional investors qualified to invest in China’s securities market should become familiar with the new QFII foreign exchange rules, particularly in relation to the changes to investment quota and the record-filing requirement, the lock-up period, and restrictions on the conversion and use of funds.

PBOC initiates pilot cross border financing in FTZs

On 22 January 2016, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) issued the Notice on the Expansion of a Full Bore Macro-prudential Cross Border Financing Pilot Programme (中国人民银行关于扩大全口径跨境融资宏观审慎管理试点的通知). The notice initiated a pilot cross border Renminbi (RMB) and foreign currency financing regime in the Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin and Fujian free trade zones (FTZs) from 25 January 2016. The concepts in the new programme were first introduced in China’s (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone (Shanghai FTZ) in relation to cross-border RMB financing only.
For further information on the financial reforms in the Shanghai FTZ, see Practice note, China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone: overview: Cross Border funds flow.
According to the notice, “cross-border financing” refers to RMB and foreign currency financing from a lender resident outside China by:
  • A pilot company registered in one of the FTZs.
  • A designated domestic or foreign bank operating in one of the FTZs.
Under the notice, a pilot company or bank can obtain cross-border financing, provided it does not exceed a ceiling calculated by reference to a formula that comprises certain risk conversion multiples and macro-prudential policies determined by the PBOC.
The notice subjects pilot companies and designated banks to different sets of requirements for:
  • Calculating the applicable borrowing ceiling.
  • Record-filing a cross-border financing agreement with the SAFE.
  • Converting foreign currency into RMB.
SAFE will issue detailed implementing rules to govern cross-border financing by pilot companies.
Pilot companies with foreign investment and designated banks may elect to apply the new regime or continue to apply the existing cross-border financing regime.

Market reaction

Harvey Lau, partner, Baker & McKenzie, Shanghai

“Most believe the notice provides a more streamlined inbound lending regime for pilot companies and designated commercial banks in one of the FTZs. They would benefit from more discretion in determining whether to obtain financing from onshore or offshore. That said, there are only a few publicly reported cases of inbound lending since the notice came into effect. This may be a result of the recent increase in the cost of inbound lending, the notice having only come into effect a month ago, and the fact that detailed implementing rules have yet to be published. Most market players may be taking a wait-and-see approach.”

Action items

GC for companies in China that require inbound financing may wish to work with their finance colleagues to study the new pilot cross border financing programme, as well as the pending implementing rules once they are released, to determine if the new regime offers significant benefits.

SAIC circulates new draft guidelines on abuse of IPR

On 5 February 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce (SAIC) circulated for public comment the Guidelines for Anti-monopoly Enforcement against the Abuse of Intellectual Property Rights (7th Draft of State Administration for Industry and Commerce) (关于滥用知识产权的反垄断执法指南(国家工商总局第七稿)). The deadline for providing feedback was 23 February 2016.
The guidelines follow the release by the SAIC of the Provisions on Prohibiting the Abuse of Intellectual Property Rights to Exclude and Restrain Competition 2015 and offer a competing version to similar guidelines circulated by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) at the end of December 2015 (see Legal update, NDRC circulates draft anti-monopoly guidelines on abuse of IPR).
The guidelines attempt to provide clarity for business owners by outlining the factors considered in balancing the often conflicting interests of promoting innovation and fair competition, while protecting the right to exploit intellectual property rights (IPR) for commercial gain.
Under the Guidelines, the abuse of IPR to exclude or restrain competition refers to the exercise of IPR in violation of the Anti-monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China 2007 (AML) through the use of:
  • Monopoly agreements.
  • Abuse of a dominant market position.
  • Concentrations between business operators.
The guidelines provide lists of general principles and specific factors for consideration in determining whether a monopoly agreement constitutes an abuse of IPR and whether a business operator has a dominant market position and is abusing it. The guidelines also provide “safe harbors” by exempting monopoly agreements where the parties’ combined market share does not exceed specified thresholds.
The section on concentrations between operators is omitted in the draft. This area falls under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM), which is preparing a draft of this section.
For further information on the guidelines, see Legal update, SAIC circulates new draft of guidelines on abuse of IPR.

Market reaction

Adrian Emch, partner, Hogan Lovells, Beijing

“Though we commend the SAIC’s intent to shed more light on a murky area of the law - and the speed at which it is producing high-quality draft guidelines, we note that there are sections in the draft that would benefit from further attention. For example, while the draft acknowledges potential efficiencies and the positive impact on innovation in a general way, it fails to recognize the significant pro-competitive nature of field of use restrictions. As these restrictions risk falling afoul of the law in some circumstances, the current draft could discourage companies from sharing innovations. Similarly, the abuse of dominance provisions are potentially quite far-reaching, for example the excessive royalties and refusal to license clauses.”

Action items

GC for companies with significant IP portfolios should monitor the release of the applicable guidelines from China’s competition regulators: the SAIC, the NDRC and MOFCOM. GC also may wish to review their client’s licensing agreements and other IPR arrangements before any of the guidelines take effect. In certain cases, GC and their government relations colleagues may wish to discuss concerns directly with the regulators to gain an increased level of certainty in relation to their interpretations of the guidelines and the client’s justifications for potential anti-competitive conduct.