A written document in which the declarant (such as a party's attorney or a fact or expert witness) states, under penalty of perjury, that the contents of the document are true and correct. Like affidavits, declarations are commonly used by litigants to submit factual evidence, such as witness statements or documentary evidence. Unlike affidavits, however, declarations are not formally sworn before a notary public or other officer authorized to administer oaths.

For more on declarations, see Standard Document, Declaration: General (Federal).