This Practice Note outlines special obligations for private sector employers that discipline and discharge employees in a unionized workplace. These obligations flow from the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) as enforced by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), and collective bargaining agreements formed under the NLRA. Labor law in the private sector is primarily governed by federal law, including the NLRA and the Railway Labor Act (RLA), and this resource only covers the NLRA.