A Practice Note providing an overview of the legislation and policies relevant to criminal antitrust enforcement in the US and discussing practical issues facing a company that is the potential target of a criminal investigation. Among other things, the Note addresses the criminal penalties for antitrust violations and provides an overview of the Department of Justice Antitrust Division's leniency program, through which companies and individuals can receive amnesty from criminal prosecution by reporting illegal antitrust activity and cooperating with the government's investigation.