Flowcharts providing a structural overview of common chains of capital markets transactions in the context of primary offerings through underwriters or initial purchasers, private equity, and PIPE transactions, and grants to management and employees. The flowcharts show how each step in certain common chains of transactions typically complies with the requirement of Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933 that every offer or sale of a security be either registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission or exempt from registration. The flowcharts include links to resources containing detailed discussions of each type of transaction.