Procedure and Evidence: Arbitration

This note is an introduction to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission and the CIETAC Arbitration Rules 2005. Note that the CIETAC Arbitration Rules 2012 apply to arbitrations commenced on or after 1 May 2012. The 2005 Rules will continue to apply to arbitrations commenced before that date, unless the parties agree that the 2012 Rules should apply.

This practice note highlights and summarises some of the key features of the major global arbitral institutions.

A step-by-step guide to running an arbitration under the HKIAC Administered Arbitration Rules, from preliminary steps to post-award.

The UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 2010 are often adopted in ad hoc arbitrations. This note provides a step-by-step guide to conducting an arbitration under the UNCITRAL Rules 2010, from preliminary steps to post-award. For a guide to arbitrating under the UNCITRAL Rules 1976, see Practice note, Arbitrating under the UNCITRAL Rules 1976: a step-by-step guide.

This note describes the most significant features of the arbitral process in Germany, including the German law regarding arbitration agreements, the duties and powers of the tribunal, the role of state courts, and the challenge and enforcement of awards.

A note giving practical advice on the steps parties and arbitrators can take to avoid excessive delays and costs in arbitration.

A guide to the key issues that arise when allegations of bribery, corruption and money laundering affect international arbitration proceedings.

This Note explains the important factors to consider in selecting a US arbitral seat for an international arbitration in New York, California, Florida and Washington, DC. To the extent that the law applicable to domestic arbitrations between two US companies differs, this Note does not address domestic arbitration, unless expressly indicated.

This practice note deals with the use of witness evidence in international arbitration. Its focus is on factual as opposed to expert witnesses.

A note examining the rules and principles that govern document production (also known as disclosure) in international arbitration, including practical tips for ensuring efficiency and avoiding delays.

A note describing the principles governing evidence in international arbitrations, with practical tips and guidance.

Some arbitration agreements require arbitrators to be chosen and appointed by the parties. But how do you actually go about appointing them? This practice note provides practical guidance on the steps that must be taken when appointing an arbitrator, including the first approach to a potential arbitrator and confirmation of appointment.

A step-by-step guide to running an ICC arbitration (1998 Rules), from preliminary steps to post-award.

This note sets out the usual steps in ICSID arbitration, providing links to the relevant rules and practical guidance.

A step-by-step guide to running an LCIA arbitration, from preliminary steps to post-award.

A brief overview of the procedural powers which may be available to international arbitration tribunals.

This note sets out the usual steps in a Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) arbitration, providing links to relevant rules and practical guidance.

The Arbitration (Scotland) Act 2010 (AA 2010) provides a modern statutory framework for domestic and international arbitration in Scotland, drawing on the best features of arbitration regimes around the world and reflected in the founding principles of the AA 2010. This practice note considers the terms of the AA 2010, including the Scottish Arbitration Rules.

This note considers the growth of third party funding in international arbitration. It summarises some of the benefits and risks of third party funding for claimants in arbitration and provides guidance on how to manage those risks. The note describes the process of obtaining funding and gives practical tips for parties entering into a funding agreement.

Should you agree to arbitrate existing or future disputes? This practice note addresses the advantages and disadvantages of arbitration as a means of dispute resolution.

This note provides an overview of the law on privilege in 23 jurisdictions as at 30 July 2009. Where relevant, it will be necessary to check whether the law has changed since then.

An example claim form seeking an order to remove an arbitrator under section 24 of the English Arbitration Act 1996. This document is only available in MS Word format. Click here to view it.

This case study provides an example of an application to the English court for an order removing an arbitrator under section 24 of the Arbitration Act 1996.

A notice appointing a party-nominated arbitrator.

A sample order for directions in an international arbitration conducted by the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA). This document is only available in MS Word format. Click here to view it.

A specimen Redfern schedule as used to create a record of requests for disclosure of documents in international arbitration.

A flowchart setting out the stages when making or responding to arbitration claims in the English courts. For more detailed guidance, please see Practice note, Arbitration claims: applications to the English court.

A flowchart showing all the stages of a CIETAC arbitration, based on the CIETAC Arbitration Rules 2012. For more detailed guidance, see Practice note, A guide to the CIETAC Arbitration Rules (2012).

A comparative table on commencing arbitration proceedings under the UNCITRAL, LCIA, ICC, ICDR and SCC Arbitration Rules.

A comparative table on evidence under the LCIA, ICC, ICDR, SCC and UNCITRAL arbitration rules.

A flowchart showing all the stages of an ICC arbitration (1998 Rules). For a more in-depth look at the procedure in an ICC arbitration (1998 Rules), please see ICC arbitration (1998 Rules): a step-by-step guide.

A flowchart showing all the stages of an ICDR arbitration.

A checklist of procedural and other matters that the parties or the tribunal can usefully raise at the preliminary meeting stage of an arbitration. The checklist can be used as an agenda to prepare for a preliminary meeting, or as a framework for discussing or agreeing procedural directions.

A flowchart showing all the stages of an arbitration conducted under the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (1976). For a more in-depth look at the procedure in an arbitration under the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (1976), please see Practice note, Arbitrating under the UNCITRAL Rules (1976): a step-by-step guide.

A collection of essential reading materials, tools and useful information to assist the arbitration practitioner.

An article highlighting the key arbitration-related developments in the US in 2012/2013. 

A Q&A guide to arbitration law and practice in Spain. The country-specific Q&A guide provides a structured overview of the key practical issues concerning arbitration in this jurisdiction, including any mandatory provisions and default rules applicable under local law, confidentiality, local courts' willingness to assist arbitration, enforcement of awards and the available remedies, both final and interim. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Arbitration procedures and practice Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to arbitration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg.

This article examines the Code of Turkish Civil Procedure (No.6100), which governs domestic arbitration and which was substantially amended in 2011.

A Q&A guide to arbitration law and practice in Hong Kong. The country-specific Q&A guide provides a structured overview of the key practical issues concerning arbitration in this jurisdiction, including any mandatory provisions and default rules applicable under local law, confidentiality, local courts' willingness to assist arbitration, enforcement of awards and the available remedies, both final and interim. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Arbitration procedures and practice Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to arbitration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg.

This feature article provides an overview of third party funding in arbitration claims, and considers its advantages and disadvantages.

A Q&A guide to arbitration law and practice in Brazil. The country-specific Q&A guide provides a structured overview of the key practical issues concerning arbitration in this jurisdiction, including any mandatory provisions and default rules applicable under local law, confidentiality, local courts' willingness to assist arbitration, enforcement of awards and the available remedies, both final and interim. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Arbitration procedures and practice Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to arbitration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg.

A Q&A guide to arbitration law and practice in Malta. The country-specific Q&A guide provides a structured overview of the key practical issues concerning arbitration in this jurisdiction, including any mandatory provisions and default rules applicable under local law, confidentiality, local courts' willingness to assist arbitration, enforcement of awards and the available remedies, both final and interim. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Arbitration procedures and practice Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to arbitration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg.

A Q&A guide to arbitration law and practice in Turkey. The country-specific Q&A guide provides a structured overview of the key practical issues concerning arbitration in this jurisdiction, including any mandatory provisions and default rules applicable under local law, confidentiality, local courts' willingness to assist arbitration, enforcement of awards and the available remedies, both final and interim. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Arbitration procedures and practice Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to arbitration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg.

It may be very difficult, if not impossible, to obtain an anti-suit injunction preventing a party from commencing or continuing proceedings before another court (or arbitral tribunal), in order to enforce an arbitration agreement. An alternative to the anti-suit injunction is the anti-enforcement injunction: an order enjoining a party to an arbitration agreement from enforcing an award or a court judgment. This article considers both anti-suit injunctions and anti-enforcement injunctions, including: anti-suit injunctions issued by state courts; anti-suit injunctions issued by arbitral tribunals; and a review of the anti-enforcement injunctions as a variant of anti-suit injunction. This article is part of the PLC Arbitration multi-jurisdictional guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg.

A Q&A guide to arbitration law and practice in Austria. The country-specific Q&A guide provides a structured overview of the key practical issues concerning arbitration in this jurisdiction, including any mandatory provisions and default rules applicable under local law, confidentiality, local courts' willingness to assist arbitration, enforcement of awards and the available remedies, both final and interim. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Arbitration procedures and practice Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to arbitration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg.

A Q&A guide to arbitration law and practice in China. The country-specific Q&A guide provides a structured overview of the key practical issues concerning arbitration in this jurisdiction, including any mandatory provisions and default rules applicable under local law, confidentiality, local courts' willingness to assist arbitration, enforcement of awards and the available remedies, both final and interim. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Arbitration procedures and practice Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to arbitration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg.

A Q&A guide to arbitration law and practice in France. The country-specific Q&A guide provides a structured overview of the key practical issues concerning arbitration in this jurisdiction, including any mandatory provisions and default rules applicable under local law, confidentiality, local courts' willingness to assist arbitration, enforcement of awards and the available remedies, both final and interim. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Arbitration procedures and practice Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to arbitration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg.

A Q&A guide to arbitration law and practice in Hungary. The country-specific Q&A guide provides a structured overview of the key practical issues concerning arbitration in this jurisdiction, including any mandatory provisions and default rules applicable under local law, confidentiality, local courts' willingness to assist arbitration, enforcement of awards and the available remedies, both final and interim. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Arbitration procedures and practice Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to arbitration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg.

A Q&A guide to arbitration law and practice in Italy. The Q&A guide provides a structured overview of the key practical issues concerning arbitration in this jurisdiction, including any mandatory provisions and default rules applicable under local law, confidentiality, local courts' willingness to assist arbitration, enforcement of awards and the available remedies, both final and interim. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Arbitration procedures and practice Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to arbitration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg.

A Q&A guide to arbitration law and practice in Lithuania. The country-specific Q&A guide provides a structured overview of the key practical issues concerning arbitration in this jurisdiction, including any mandatory provisions and default rules applicable under local law, confidentiality, local courts' willingness to assist arbitration, enforcement of awards and the available remedies, both final and interim. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Arbitration procedures and practice Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to arbitration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg.

A Q&A guide to arbitration law and practice in South Africa. The country-specific Q&A guide provides a structured overview of the key practical issues concerning arbitration in this jurisdiction, including any mandatory provisions and default rules applicable under local law, confidentiality, local courts' willingness to assist arbitration, enforcement of awards and the available remedies, both final and interim. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Arbitration procedures and practice Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to arbitration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg.

A Q&A guide to arbitration law and practice in the UK (England and Wales). The country-specific Q&A guide provides a structured overview of the key practical issues concerning arbitration in this jurisdiction, including any mandatory provisions and default rules applicable under local law, confidentiality, local courts' willingness to assist arbitration, enforcement of awards and the available remedies, both final and interim. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Arbitration procedures and practice Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to arbitration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg.

This article examines the recent decisions of the US Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Canada on the enforceability of mandatory arbitration clauses in consumer contracts. In reaching their decision both courts purported to protect the same policy objectives, but arrived at somewhat different conclusions. The article discusses the issues raised by the cases, the reasoning behind each court's decision and the possible effect the rulings may have on future arbitrations. This article is part of the PLC Arbitration multi-jurisdictional guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg.

An article highlighting the key arbitration related developments in Singapore in 2010/2011. 

An examination of the impact of an insolvent respondent in an arbitration.

As electronic documents replace hard copy as the documentary foundation of court proceedings, companies are increasingly required to undertake complex electronic disclosure exercises. This article, the second in a two-part feature, sets out how large companies can best prepare for and manage such exercises. See www.practicallaw.com/6-204-1350 for the first part of this feature, which outlines the law governing electronic disclosure in a number of jurisdictions as well as the obligations on parties to existing or contemplated litigation.

This article reveals PLCWhich lawyer?'s top 20 arbitration specialists and examines the ever expanding nature of the work they undertake.

On 16 April 2013, the Minister of Justice presented a draft amendment of the Netherlands Arbitration Act to Parliament.

The Admiralty and Commercial Courts Guide was revised on 28 March 2013. The amendments affect claims made under the Arbitration Act 1996.

We have published a case study which provides an example of an application to the English court for an order removing an arbitrator under section 24 of the English Arbitration Act 1996.

We have published a practice note and checklist on third party funding for international arbitration claims.

An Ask the team article on the options open to parties who wish to set a time limit for the production of the arbitral award.

The Law Reform Commission of Hong Kong has recommended the introduction of a class action regime in Hong Kong.

The School of International Arbitration at Queen Mary, University of London has invited responses to its 2013 International Arbitration Survey.

We have published a practice note that considers the issues that can arise from duties of professional conduct owed by counsel in an international arbitration. Free access.

Abby Cohen Smutny (Partner) and Lee A. Steven (Counsel), Leah Witters (Associate), White & Case LLP The United States District Court for the District of Columbia has denied a request for assistance in producing documents for a French proceeding, where the party from whom the documents were requested could not be found in the District of Columbia and there were more efficient ways to obtain the documents.

Abby Cohen Smutny (Partner) and Lee A. Steven (Counsel), Leah Witters (Associate), White & Case LLP The United States District Court for the District of South Carolina has decided to not exercise its discretion to require a party to produce documents and participate in a deposition for a foreign arbitral proceeding where the parties produced no "authoritative proof" that the tribunal would be receptive of US judicial assistance.

PLC Arbitration has published a new Practice note, LCIA India arbitration: a step-by-step guide, authored by Stephenson Harwood and the Registrar of LCIA India. The note sets out the usual steps in an LCIA India arbitration, providing links to relevant rules and practical guidance. (Free access.)

Karin Ståhlbröst (Senior Associate), Delphi On 9 March 2011, the Svea Court of Appeal in Stockholm ordered a company to produce documents in an ongoing arbitration in spite of the fact that the documents related to “commercial secrets” (trade secrets). The Court of Appeal held that the arbitrators’ assessment of the documents being relevant as evidence was vital for determining whether there were extraordinary reasons for disclosure.

PD Dr. Nathalie Voser (Partner) and Aileen Truttmann (Associate), Schellenberg Wittmer (Zurich) In two French-language decisions dated 12 January 2011 and published on 16 February 2011, the Swiss Supreme Court dismissed two petitions to set aside an award by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). The Supreme Court held that the petitions, filed more than thirty days after the receipt of a fax copy of the award, were timely as the time period only started running from the receipt of the award by registered mail.

CEDR has published sample directions to accompany the CEDR Rules for the Facilitation of Settlement in International Arbitration.

Nicholas Peacock (Partner) and Chris Ross (Senior Associate), Herbert Smith LLP In a decision dated 22 April 2010 but only recently published, the Singapore High Court has held that it has no power to grant discovery prior to the commencement of arbitration.

Abby Cohen Smutny (Partner) and Lee A. Steven (Counsel), Lauren Mandell (Associate), White & Case LLP The District Court for the Northern District of California has granted the latest application for discovery of evidence under 28 U.S.C. § 1782 for use in the ongoing UNCITRAL arbitration between the Republic of Ecuador and Chevron Corporation.

Abby Cohen Smutny (Partner) and Lee A. Steven (Counsel), Lauren Mandell (Associate), White & Case LLP The District Court for the District of Columbia has declined to order discovery in an ICSID arbitration pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1782, which allows a court to order discovery "for use in a proceeding in a foreign or international tribunal."

Abby Cohen Smutny (Partner) and Lee A. Steven (Counsel), Lauren Mandell (Associate), Stephanie Early (Associate), White & Case LLP The District Court for the Southern District of New York has affirmed that 28 USC 1782, a statute that authorises US courts to order discovery of evidence for use by a "foreign or international tribunal", extends to investment treaty arbitrations.

Abby Cohen Smutny (Partner) and Lee A. Steven (Counsel), Lauren Mandell (Associate), White & Case LLP On 3 March 2010, the District Court for the Northern District of Texas ruled that an arbitrator may not order document production from a non-party apart from doing so in connection with the attendance of the non-party at an arbitration hearing. 

Alejandro López Ortiz (Senior Associate) and Silvia Martínez (Junior Associate), Lovells LLP In Judgment 310/2009 of 30 April 2009, only recently published, the Court of Appeal of Madrid held that the notification of a hearing given to a party only 24 hours before it was held was not enough time for the party to ensure its attendance and prepare it in conditions that can guarantee its due process rights.

Publication of a new Practice note, Disclosure of electronic documents in international arbitration.

Daniel J. Leffell (Partner), Marc Falcone (Partner) and Jeffrey D. Kleinman (Associate), Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP In a number of recent rulings, US courts have interpreted the scope of 28 U.S.C. § 1782, which authorises federal courts to order the production of evidence or documents for use in a "proceeding in a foreign or international tribunal." These rulings, which all resulted in dismissing §1782 applications, may suggest a growing trend towards narrowly interpreting the statute.

Daniel J. Leffell (Partner), Marc Falcone (Partner) and Jeffrey D. Kleinman (Associate), Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP An update on the publication of Global Rules for Accelerated Commercial Arbitration by the International Institute for Conflict Prevention & Resolution.

An update on CEDR's Commission on Settlement in International Arbitration.

Publication of Practice note, Dealing with witnesses in international arbitration.

An update on the publication of a Chinese version of the IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Commercial Arbitration.

An update on the Chartered Institute of Arbitrator's Protocol for E-Disclosure in Arbitration.

The International Bar Association has announced a review of the Rules of Evidence in International Commercial Arbitration. A special subcommittee (headed by Richard Kreindler) will consider possible improvements, including amendments to address e-disclosure and investment treaty arbitration. The review is due to be completed by autumn 2009 to coincide with the 10th anniversary of the rules. The arbitration community will be surveyed via the IBA listserv and there will be an open forum at the IBA conference in Buenos Aires in October 2008. Source: Global Arbitration Review

We recently reported on the Court of Appeal decision in Emmott v Michael Wilson Partnership [2008] EWCA Civ 184 (see Legal update, Confidentiality in arbitration.) The Practice note, Confidentiality in arbitration, has now been amended to take account of this important decision.

An internationally constituted committee of the CIArb has just published its "Guideline on the Interviewing of Prospective Arbitrators" following a wide international consultation. Hew E Dundas, President of the CIArb, comments: "... By following a recognised Guideline, the risk of failure or challenge is significantly reduced and parties can exercise due autonomy in choosing their arbitrator ... " The Guideline forms part of a set of Guidelines dealing with issues such as multi-party cases, jurisdictional issues and security for costs. The Guidelines are international in scope and cover a selected number of jurisdictions, both common and civil law and including Model Law jurisdictions. They are intended to be extremely practical and identify key areas where there may be a difference in approach between arbitrators in different jurisdictions. For further information see Practice note, selection of party-nominated arbitrators. Source: CIArb website

In 2005 the ICC Commission on Arbitration created a Task Force to identify ways of effectively reducing time and costs in arbitration, particularly in complex cases. Even where parties agree to arbitrate under institutional rules, those rules will rarely set out detailed procedures for the conduct of the arbitration, for example in relation to document production, exchange of witness statements, expert reports and briefs. Whilst this flexibility allows the procedure to be tailor made to suit each dispute, it is important for the parties to identify and agree on the most suitable procedures as early as possible in the arbitration. The Task Force consulted with all National Committees and produced a document entitled "Techniques for Controlling Time and Cost in Arbitration". The document is understood to set out a range of techniques, both for arbitrators and for parties, which can be used to organise the proceedings and to control their duration and cost. Parties will be able to review the proposed techniques (which may be suitable for ICC or non-ICC arbitration) and adopt those which are most suited to their dispute. The ICC document will be launched and reviewed in depth at a one-day conference on Tuesday 27 March 2007, which will be chaired by Chris Newmark (co-chair of the Task Force) and by Peter Wolrich (chair of the ICC Commission on Arbitration). The conference is designed to provide an opportunity for discussion and comments from counsel, the ICC, arbitrato

Drafting notes to accompany the claim form on an application for an order to remove an arbitrator under section 24 of the English Arbitration Act 1996.

A drafting note to accompany an LCIA order for directions.

Drafting notes to accompany the specimen Redfern schedule, used to create a record of requests for disclosure of documents in international arbitration.

In an Italian language decision, the Swiss Supreme Court reconfirmed case law concerning the standard for review of an arbitrator's anticipatory assessment of evidence.

In Westwood Shipping Lines Inc and another v Universal Schiffahrtsgesellschaft MBH and another [2012] EWHC 3837 (Comm), the court considered whether to allow the claimant to rely on documents used in an arbitration.

Natalia Belomestnova (Senior Associate), Tatiana Zakharova (Junior Associate), Goltsblat BLP In June 2012, the Supreme Commercial Court of Russia issued a ruling (the full text of which only became available in August 2012) dealing with the competence of arbitrators to issue a consent award after the termination of arbitral proceedings.

Nicholas Peacock (Partner) and Chris Ross (Senior Associate), Herbert Smith LLP The Singapore High Court has allowed an application to amend a court order over an issue of confidentiality. The order which stated that a suit was to be heard "in camera" (in private) was amended to state that the suit was to be heard "otherwise than in open court".  The court also allowed a redacted version of the judgment to be published, opining that the redacted judgment preserves the confidentiality of the related arbitration.

This is a chapter from the Bloomsbury Professional book Litigation Support: The PricewaterhouseCoopers’ Guide to Forensic Analysis and Accounting Evidence, 5th Edition, which provides detailed coverage on forensic accounting and financial analysis in dispute resolution. Fully updated to all the latest information on this complex area, the book is split into two sections. Part one provides a detailed insight into the way forensic accountants apply their skills to a variety of different types of litigation and dispute cases and will be relevant to those instructing expert accountants as well as practicising accounting experts. Part two serves as a general introduction to the process of dispute resolution through the Courts, arbitration and other available forms of resolution. The editors and other contributors have acted as experts and advisers in a wide variety of commercial disputes. This book reflects their experience and insight and provides all the relevant background information that a practitioner requires from High Court procedures and court etiquette to the role and responsibilities of the expert witness under the Civil Procedure Rules. Chapter 4, the index and the table of contents are FREE to view, as a sample of the book's contents. To view the other chapters, please subscribe to Books online.