Cross-border: Environment

This article examines the new decommissioning relief deed regime being introduced to provide greater certainty about the tax relief available to meet the high cost of decommissioning oil and gas installations on the UK continental shelf. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

This article highlights some of the key legal issues commonly associated with the exploration and extraction of petroleum resources and their conversion to liquefied natural gas (LNG) in Australia. These issues form part of any due diligence conducted by an investor proposing to acquire petroleum or LNG assets or an interest in a petroleum or LNG project. This article looks at: The legal system applicable to LNG in Australia. The various petroleum laws enacted by Commonwealth, State and Territory governments. The different types of petroleum tenements available in Australia. Petroleum ownership in Australia. Major issues currently facing the LNG industry. The range of petroleum and LNG investment activity currently experienced in Australia. The rights of project proponents to access land as against landowners' rights. The rules and restrictions concerning foreign investment. The imposition of royalties and other taxes by the various levels of government. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

A Q&A guide to oil and gas regulation in the United Arab Emirates. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the domestic oil and gas sector, rights to oil and gas, health safety and the environment, sale and trade in oil and gas, tax and enforcement of regulation. It covers transfer of rights; transportation by pipeline; environmental impact assessments; decommissioning; waste regulations and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the energy and natural resources Oil and gas regulation Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

A Q&A guide to electricity regulation in Argentina. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the domestic electricity market, including domestic electricity companies, electricity generation and renewable energy, transmission, distribution, supply and tax issues. It covers the regulatory structure; foreign ownership; import of electricity; authorisation and operating requirements; trading between generators and suppliers; rates and conditions of sale and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the energy and natural resources Electricity regulation Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

A Q&A guide to electricity regulation in China. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the domestic electricity market, including domestic electricity companies, electricity generation and renewable energy, transmission, distribution, supply and tax issues. It covers the regulatory structure; foreign ownership; import of electricity; authorisation and operating requirements; trading between generators and suppliers; rates and conditions of sale and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the energy and natural resources Electricity regulation Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

A Q&A guide to electricity regulation in Italy. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the domestic electricity market, including domestic electricity companies, electricity generation and renewable energy, transmission, distribution, supply and tax issues. It covers the regulatory structure; foreign ownership; import of electricity; authorisation and operating requirements; trading between generators and suppliers; rates and conditions of sale and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the energy and natural resources Electricity regulation Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

A Q&A guide to Electricity regulation in Mexico. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the domestic electricity market, including domestic electricity companies, electricity generation and renewable energy, transmission, distribution, supply and tax issues. It covers the regulatory structure; foreign ownership; import of electricity; authorisation and operating requirements; trading between generators and suppliers; rates and conditions of sale and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the energy and natural resources Electricity regulation Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

A Q&A guide to Electricity regulation in the UK. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the domestic electricity market, including domestic electricity companies, electricity generation and renewable energy, transmission, distribution, supply and tax issues. It covers the regulatory structure; foreign ownership; import of electricity; authorisation and operating requirements; trading between generators and suppliers; rates and conditions of sale and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the energy and natural resources Electricity regulation Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

This article highlights some of the key legal issues commonly associated with the exploration and extraction of mineral resources in Australia. These issues form part of any due diligence exercise conducted by an investor proposing to acquire mining assets or an interest in a mining project. This article looks at: Mining investment in Australia. The legal system applicable to mining in Australia. Various mining laws enacted by Commonwealth, State and Territory governments. Mineral ownership in Australia. Different types of mining tenements available in Australia. Rights of miners to access land against landowners' rights. Imposition of royalties and other taxes by the various levels of government. Rules and restrictions concerning foreign investment. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

A Q&A guide to oil and gas regulation in Brazil. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the domestic oil and gas sector, rights to oil and gas, health safety and the environment, sale and trade in oil and gas, tax and enforcement of regulation. It covers transfer of rights; transportation by pipeline; environmental impact assessments; decommissioning; waste regulations and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the energy and natural resources Oil and gas regulation Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

A Q&A guide to oil and gas regulation in Cyprus. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the domestic oil and gas sector, rights to oil and gas, health safety and the environment, sale and trade in oil and gas, tax and enforcement of regulation. It covers transfer of rights; transportation by pipeline; environmental impact assessments; decommissioning; waste regulations and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the energy and natural resources Oil and gas regulation Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

A Q&A guide to oil and gas regulation in Macedonia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the domestic oil and gas sector, rights to oil and gas, health safety and the environment, sale and trade in oil and gas, tax and enforcement of regulation. It covers transfer of rights; transportation by pipeline; environmental impact assessments; decommissioning; waste regulations and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the energy and natural resources Oil and gas regulation Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

A Q&A guide to oil and gas regulation in Nigeria. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the domestic oil and gas sector, rights to oil and gas, health safety and the environment, sale and trade in oil and gas, tax and enforcement of regulation. It covers transfer of rights; transportation by pipeline; environmental impact assessments; decommissioning; waste regulations and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the energy and natural resources Oil and gas regulation Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

A Q&A guide to oil and gas regulation in Turkey. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the domestic oil and gas sector, rights to oil and gas, health safety and the environment, sale and trade in oil and gas, tax and enforcement of regulation. It covers transfer of rights; transportation by pipeline; environmental impact assessments; decommissioning; waste regulations and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the energy and natural resources Oil and gas regulation Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

A Q&A guide to oil and gas regulation in the United States. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the domestic oil and gas sector, rights to oil and gas, health safety and the environment, sale and trade in oil and gas, tax and enforcement of regulation. It covers transfer of rights; transportation by pipeline; environmental impact assessments; decommissioning; waste regulations and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the energy and natural resources Oil and gas regulation Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

A Q&A guide to electricity regulation in India. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the domestic electricity market, including domestic electricity companies, electricity generation and renewable energy, transmission, distribution, supply and tax issues. It covers the regulatory structure; foreign ownership; import of electricity; authorisation and operating requirements; trading between generators and suppliers; rates and conditions of sale and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the energy and natural resources Electricity regulation Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

This table summarises the common forms of renewable energy sources used for the generation of electricity and the incentives there are to promote the use of renewable energy. This table is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

A Q&A guide to oil and gas regulation in Serbia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the domestic oil and gas sector, rights to oil and gas, health safety and the environment, sale and trade in oil and gas, tax and enforcement of regulation. It covers transfer of rights; transportation by pipeline; environmental impact assessments; decommissioning; waste regulations and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the energy and natural resources Oil and gas regulation Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to energy and natural resources. For a full list of content visit www.practicallaw.com/energy-mjg.

This tool enables subscribers to search the Country Q&A in the PLC Energy and Natural Resources - Electricity regulation section of the multi-jurisdictional guide by question and jurisdiction. Simply select the questions and the jurisdictions that you are interested in and click the button. Please note that the law stated dates for each jurisdiction covered may not be the same. To check the law stated dates for each jurisdiction, please visit the individual article.

This article looks at land contamination in Italy and examines the regulatory regime, owner/occupier liability, environmental liability in asset and share transfers, and investigation and clean-up procedures. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to environment law in Argentina. This Q&A provides a high level overview of environment law in Argentina and looks at key practical issues including emissions to air and water, environmental impact assessments, waste, contaminated land, and environmental issues in transactions. In addition, answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions to assist in the management of cross-border transactions (see Country Q&A tool). This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to environment law in Austria. This Q&A provides a high level overview of environmental law in Austria and looks at key practical issues including emissions to air and water, environmental impact assessments, waste, contaminated land, and environmental issues in transactions. In addition, answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions to assist in the management of cross-border transactions (see Country Q&A tool). This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to environment law in Brazil. This Q&A provides a high level overview of environment law in Brazil and looks at key practical issues including emissions to air and water, environmental impact assessments, waste, contaminated land, and environmental issues in transactions. In addition, answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions to assist in the management of cross-border transactions (see Country Q&A tool). This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to environment law in Chile. This Q&A provides a high level overview of environment law in Chile and looks at key practical issues including emissions to air and water, environmental impact assessments, waste, contaminated land, and environmental issues in transactions. In addition, answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions to assist in the management of cross-border transactions (see Country Q&A tool). This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to environment law in the Czech Republic. This Q&A provides a high level overview of environment law in the Czech Republic and looks at key practical issues including emissions to air and water, environmental impact assessments, waste, contaminated land, and environmental issues in transactions. In addition, answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions to assist in the management of cross-border transactions (see Country Q&A tool). This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to environment law in Finland. This Q&A provides a high level overview of environment law in Finland and looks at key practical issues including emissions to air and water, environmental impact assessments, waste, contaminated land, and environmental issues in transactions. In addition, answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions to assist in the management of cross-border transactions (see Country Q&A tool). This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to environment law in Germany. This Q&A provides a high level overview of environment law in Germany and looks at key practical issues including emissions to air and water, environmental impact assessments, waste, contaminated land, and environmental issues in transactions. In addition, answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions to assist in the management of cross-border transactions (see Country Q&A tool). This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to environment law in India. This Q&A provides a high level overview of environment law in India and looks at key practical issues including emissions to air and water, environmental impact assessments, waste, contaminated land, and environmental issues in transactions. In addition, answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions to assist in the management of cross-border transactions (see Country Q&A tool). This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to environment law in Italy. This Q&A provides a high-level overview of environmental law in Italy and looks at key practical issues including emissions to air and water, environmental impact assessments, waste, contaminated land, and environmental issues in transactions. In addition, answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions to assist in the management of cross-border transactions (see Country Q&A tool). The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to environment law in Mexico. This Q&A provides a high level overview of environment law in Mexico and looks at key practical issues including emissions to air and water, environmental impact assessments, waste, contaminated land, and environmental issues in transactions. In addition, answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions to assist in the management of cross-border transactions (see Country Q&A tool). This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to environment law in Poland. This Q&A provides a high level overview of environment law in Poland and looks at key practical issues including emissions to air and water, environmental impact assessments, waste, contaminated land, and environmental issues in transactions. In addition, answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions to assist in the management of cross-border transactions (see Country Q&A tool). This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to environment law in South Africa. This Q&A provides a high level overview of environment law in South Africa and looks at key practical issues including emissions to air and water, environmental impact assessments, waste, contaminated land, and environmental issues in transactions. In addition, answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions to assist in the management of cross-border transactions (see Country Q&A tool). This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to environment law in Spain. This Q&A provides a high level overview of environmental law in Spain and looks at key practical issues including emissions to air and water, environmental impact assessments, waste, contaminated land, and environmental issues in transactions. In addition, answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions to assist in the management of cross-border transactions (see Country Q&A tool). This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to environment law in Turkey. This Q&A provides a high level overview of environment law in Turkey and looks at key practical issues including emissions to air and water, environmental impact assessments, waste, contaminated land, and environmental issues in transactions. In addition, answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions to assist in the management of cross-border transactions (see Country Q&A tool). This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to environment law in the United States. This Q&A provides a high level overview of environment law in the United States and looks at key practical issues including emissions to air and water, environmental impact assessments, waste, contaminated land, and environmental issues in transactions. In addition, answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions to assist in the management of cross-border transactions (see Country Q&A tool). This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

This article gives an overview of the regulatory framework and economic incentive schemes affecting the development of onshore wind power projects in Sweden and Finland. It looks at the: Regulatory frameworks in each country. The Swedish electricity certificate system. The Finnish feed-in tariff scheme.

With the shift away from nuclear energy certain developers with nuclear expertise now focus on the development of both renewables and cheaper forms of conventional power. This article examines how countries can meet their carbon reduction aims while reducing the use of nuclear energy and how governments are seeking to reduce the incentives on offer.

The recently recast RoHS and WEEE Directives form the central regulatory regime on the environmental impact of electronic products in the EU. Due to the impact of these directives, the decision to create new versions has serious implications for the electronics industry. This article looks at some of the major changes under the newly recast legislation, and the legal as well as managerial considerations involved in securing compliance and maintaining marketability despite the recent changes.

A Q&A guide to Climate change, renewables and energy law in South Africa. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environmenthandbook.

A Q&A guide to climate change, renewables and energy efficiency law in Japan. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environment-mjg.

The Carbon Reduction Commitment Energy Efficiency Scheme (CRC) aims to assist in achieving reductions in CO2 emissions, targeting non-intensive energy users. The deadline for initial registration has now passed. This article reviews the current status of CRC and its implementation, as well as the private equity industry's concerns about the scheme, and considers the actions private equity firms should take to prepare themselves for the second phase of the scheme, commencing on 1 April 2011.  

A Q&A guide to Climate change, renewables and energy efficiency in France. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environmenthandbook.

A Q&A guide to Climate change, renewables and energy efficiency in Portugal. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environmenthandbook.

It is now several decades since environmental issues first became prominent in transactions. While frontline areas of practice in relation to environmental law have advanced and developed, most obviously in the areas of regulatory work and carbon trading, there remains a broad range of approaches to handling these issues in transactions. This article assesses how far transactional practice has moved on in response to experience and developments in regulatory systems and liability structures. In particular, it examines data deficiency and uncertainty, buyer's due diligence, whether a buyer takes on risks identified in due diligence, contractual protection issues, and other solutions. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environmenthandbook.

In December 2009, environment ministers and officials will meet in Copenhagen for the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). At Copenhagen, inter-governmental negotiators will try to agree a new climate treaty to succeed the Kyoto Protocol. Given the high expectations of an agreement being reached at Copenhagen, the lack of progress at meetings held during the summer of 2009 in preparation for the conference has raised questions concerning whether and what kind of an agreement could possibly be reached in December. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to environment. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/environmenthandbook.

Manufacturers, importers and suppliers of medicinal products, medical devices, foods and cosmetics must comply and closely monitor the requirements of the EU's REACH Regulation. REACH imposes rigorous requirements additional to EU product-specific vertical legislation. This article sets out the key aspects of the REACH regulatory framework, in particular the main REACH requirements, medicinal products, food and feedingstuffs, medical devices, cosmetic products, and packaging. It also considers legal entities, foreign manufacturers, Only Representatives and third party representatives, and SIEFS, data sharing and consortia.

This tool enables subscribers to search the Country Q&A in the PLC Environment multi-jurisdictional guide by question and jurisdiction. Simply select the questions and the jurisdictions that you are interested in and click the "submit" button. Please note that the law stated dates for each jurisdiction covered may not be the same. To check the law stated dates for each jurisdiction, please visit the individual article.