Cross-border and Immigration

According to Romanian law, an employer is entitled to establish the organisation and functioning of a company. This article examines drafting and consulting on rules and regulations, acknowledgement of rules and regulations by employees, issues covered by rules and regulations, including controversial issues such as disciplinary action, mandatory character of rules and regulations, legal compliance of rules and regulations and other written policies, in relation to collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) and employment contracts. For a full list of recommended employment lawyers and law firms, see PLC Which lawyer? This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits law. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/labour-mjg.  

This article considers how the October 2011 abolition of the default retirement age in the UK and proposed legislation on flexible working will affect employers of all sizes and across all sectors, in the months and years ahead. For a full list of recommended labour and employee benefits lawyers and law firms, please visit PLC Which lawyer? This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/labour-mjg.

The US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that it will begin accepting H-1B petitions toward the 2013 Fiscal Year (FY) cap on April 2, 2012. The number of H-1B petitions for FY 2013 is capped by Congress at 65,000, subject to several exemptions.

On October 20, 2011, the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) reversed its September 12, 2011 policy change, and announced that it would return to mailing original notices for immigration petitions and applications directly to attorneys and representatives if  the petitioner or applicant has authorized the representation.

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) released application forms and information on the filing process for the young undocumented immigrant deferred action program announced in June 2012.

The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has announced that as of June 11, 2012, it had received a sufficient number of new H-1B visa specialty occupation petitions to reach the statutory cap for fiscal year 2013. In addition, as of June 7, 2012, the advanced degree exemption has been exhausted.

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has issued a revised Form I-9 for employers to use during employment eligibility verification. The new form is two pages rather than one and has more data fields for employee information, a revised layout and improved instructions.

A Checklist of US nonimmigrant visa application best practices. This resource provides tips on how an applicant for a US nonimmigrant visa can determine if a visa is required, where they may apply for the visa and how to prepare for the visa application process.

This article outlines Canadian employment law in 15 key areas, and highlights the significant distinctions between US and Canadian employment law, as well as the broad similarities that do exist in certain areas.  

In Lamonica v. Safe Hurricane Shutters, Inc., the US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit held that undocumented foreign workers are employees who may recover unpaid wages under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). The court found that the US Supreme Court's prior decision in Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB that the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) could not award backpay to undocumented aliens terminated for union activity in violation of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) did not overrule Eleventh Circuit precedent permitting recovery of unpaid wages under the FLSA.

A sample Trade-NAFTA (TN) petition or application support letter. This letter is used by employers to support TN nonimmigrant visa petitions to the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) or applications to a US consular official in Mexico or an immigration inspector at a port of entry. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

A Note about the Trade NAFTA (TN) nonimmigrant visa classification, used by employers to sponsor foreign nationals who are citizens of Canada or Mexico to work in the US. This Note describes how a foreign worker can qualify for the TN classification, the TN petition process and how the foreign worker acquires lawful TN status.

Originally, non-competition agreements were predominately limited to competition activities within the country where employees have previously performed their work duties. In the global marketplace, these agreements are now increasingly concluded in the context of cross-border labour mobility. This article considers the two principal concerns that arise for employers and their companies in this international context when considering applying and enforcing non-competition agreements: The law the employer and the employee have chosen to apply to the non-competition agreement may not apply. In the event of a legal dispute, the appealed local court may not have jurisdiction to settle the dispute. The authors examine these risks and solution strategies by scrutinising the legal framework for cross-border mobility connected to at least one of the EU member states, outlining some key actions to take to build a successful strategy for handling these challenges from a European law perspective. For a full list of recommended labour and employee benefits lawyers and law firms, please visit PLC Which lawyer? This chapter is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/labour-mjg  

This chapter sets out the key provisions of the Prospectus Directive that are relevant when operating an employee share scheme in the EU. It also focuses on the implementation of the Prospectus Directive in 11 key jurisdictions.

This table is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplanshandbook. This table sets out a summary of the key information concerning the tax treatment of employee share plans in each of the 21 jurisdictions covered in the Country Q&A section.

On June 25, 2012, the US Supreme Court issued an opinion in Arizona v. United States, invalidating three key provisions of Arizona's immigration law, S.B. 1070. The court also reversed an injunction against a fourth provision.

In Paidi v. Mills, the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit struck down as unconstitutional a New York law that prevents nonimmigrant aliens from receiving pharmacist licenses. The Second Circuit held that the law violated the Equal Protection Clause because aliens are a suspect class and the state could not distinguish lawful nonimmigrant aliens from other aliens.

This article considers the social security issues, in particular dual taxation and gaps in benefits protection, that arise when US employees are seconded abroad, and the availability of social security treaties to ensure that coverage, benefits and taxation remain as seamless as possible.

Important updates in the area of US immigration law during September 2012.

A Note on legal issues to consider when drafting or reviewing secondments in the expatriate context. This Note is based on federal law and focuses on US-based employers sending American employees overseas to work.

This article examines the various complications that must be considered when drafting restrictive covenants in Canada which are capable of enforcement against former employees after they leave employment. Both non-competition and non-solicitation covenants are analysed, together with current judicial trends, descending scope clauses and over-reaching, and practical tips for drafting are included. The Ontario courts' relaxation of the rules when non-competition is a condition of a post-employment benefit is also examined, along with the specialised approach of the Québec courts. For a full list of recommended labour and employee benefits lawyers and law firms, please visit PLC Which lawyer? This article is part of the PLC global guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/labour-mjg.

This article is part of the Employment and Employee Benefits multi-jurisdictional guide. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

This table is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

The Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals (BALCA) sitting en banc ruled that an Office of Foreign Labor Certification certifying officer may not deny permanent labor certification based on an employer's failure to provide proof of publication of the State Workforce Agency job order containing the text of the order. In re A Cut Above Ceramic Tile clarifies recordkeeping requirements for PERM labor certification applications.

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has announced that premium processing for cap-subject H-1B petitions will begin on April 15, 2013. This temporary adjustment has been made to accommodate the historic premium processing receipt levels and the possibility that the H-1B cap will be met in the first five business days of the H-1B filing period.

A Document for employers preparing PERM labor certification applications to use to map out the completion and documentation of each step of the PERM process. This Document presents a table for employers to enter critical information about the PERM recruitment steps, business necessity explanations and evidence of a genuine job opportunity if needed. The completed table presents employers with a snapshot of the steps taken to prepare the PERM labor certification.

This article identifies the different employment law provisions that can apply where a company wishes to effect organisational change in Norway. The need for consultation, the rules applicable on the transfer of an undertaking and the procedures for collective redundancies are all examined. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

This Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C. memorandum discusses the US District Court of the Northern District of Alabama's ruling on Alabama's controversial immigration law. The court held that several provisions could not be enforced pending a final judgment on the law's constitutionality. However, the ruling does not affect the provision requiring Alabama employers to use the federal E-Verify program to confirm an applicant's legal immigration status.

This Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C. memorandum discusses key changes to the South Carolina Illegal Immigration and Reform Act scheduled to take effect January 1, 2012. As of January 1, all South Carolina employers must use E-Verify to confirm the employment eligibility of newly hired employees and may have their employment licenses suspended or revoked for failing to do so.

Important updates in the area of US immigration law during November 2012.

The NLRB recently held in Mezonos Maven Bakery, Inc.  that it lacks authority to award backpay damages to undocumented workers if either the workers or their employer have violated the Immigration Reform and Control Act.  The NLRB relied on the US Supreme Court's ruling in Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB.  

Resources to assist employers filing H-1B petitions for foreign national workers.

In The Matters of Albert Einstein Medical Center and Abington Memorial Hospital, the Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals (BALCA) reviewed the Employment and Training Administration Certifying Officer (CO)'s denial of permanent labor certification applications made by two hospitals on behalf of their foreign medical residents. The CO's denial was on the grounds that the medical resident positions do not constitute permanent employment. BALCA determined that most medical residency programs do not constitute permanent employment. It vacated the denials and remanded the appeals to the CO to provide them with an opportunity to demonstrate that their residency programs fit the definition of permanent employment as required under the PERM regulations.

Multinational companies are increasingly finding that a failure to manage employment liability risks on a global basis can lead to losses ranging from court awards or penalties to diminishment of corporate and brand image. This step-by-step guide provides a template for establishing global employment best practice standards and policies.

A Document to be used by employers to satisfy the Labor Condition Application (LCA) corporate reorganization and Public Access File (PAF) document retention requirements. The LCA is the preliminary step in an employer's H-1B petition. This Standard Document has an integrated note with important explanations and drafting tips.

A Document to be used by employers to satisfy the Labor Condition Application (LCA) notice requirement and Public Access File (PAF) document retention requirement. This Document includes a sampled embedded notice confirmation. The LCA is the preliminary step in an employer's H-1B petition. This Standard Document has an integrated note with important explanations and drafting tips.

A Document to be used by employers as a Labor Condition Application (LCA) Public Access File (PAF) cover sheet and PAF document list. The LCA is the preliminary step in an employer's H-1B visa petition. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

A Document to be used by employers to satisfy Labor Condition Application (LCA) Public Access File (PAF) requirements for an actual wage statement. The LCA is the preliminary step in an employer's H-1B visa petition. This Standard Document has an integrated note with important explanations and drafting tips.

A Q&A guide to labour and employee benefits in Romania. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/labourhandbook.

A Q&A guide to labour and employee benefits in Hungary. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/labourhandbook.  

A Checklist of key issues to help employers comply with Labor Condition Application (LCA) obligations. Employers must obtain LCAs to sponsor workers for H-1B nonimmigrant visa status. To obtain an LCA certification, employers must make attestations about wages and working conditions for foreign and US workers, and must maintain a Public Access File (PAF).

A Chart describing key employment-based immigrant visa classifications. Information profiled includes eligibility criteria and procedures to obtain lawful immigrant status.

Important updates in the area of US immigration law during July 2012.

This Law Firm Publication by Jackson Lewis LLP discusses the Tennessee Lawful Employment Act (TLEA), which went into effect in January of 2012 and which the Tennessee Department of Labor has just recently begun to enforce. Under the TLEA, employers with more than six employees must either use E-Verify or make and retain copies of one of 11 specified documents. Private employers with 500 or more employees were required to comply with the TLEA as of January 1, 2012, and those with between 200 and 499 employees were required to comply as of July 1, 2012. Employers with between six and 199 employees must be in compliance by January 1, 2013. In determining the number of employees, an employer must count all of its employees, not just those that are physically in Tennessee.

Employers that request specific or unnecesary work authorization documents from their employees violate the anti-discrimination provision of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). On August 22, 2011, the US Department of Justice reached a settlement with Farmland Foods, Inc. regarding the company's requests for discriminatory documents. Farmland's civil fines are the highest ever assessed in a settlement agreement under IRCA.    

An immigration sponsorship policy for an employer to adopt to manage its immigration sponsorship activities in the US. This Standard Document applies only to private workplaces. It is based on federal law. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

This article considers how and when IFAs emerged, the characteristics of IFAs and the extent to which they are legal instruments. The international nature of IFAs and their development are also considered. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Checklist of key issues for employers to consider when hiring foreign national workers requiring immigration sponsorship. This Checklist helps employers identify the information and documents they need to strategize and prepare immigration sponsorship.

A sample H-1B petition support letter. This letter is used by employers to support H-1B nonimmigrant visa petitions to the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

The Department of Justice (DOJ) has released guidance on employer best practices during worksite enforcement audits. Employers whose Forms I-9 are audited by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to verify compliance with the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) should follow this guidance to avoid a charge of IRCA based discrimination.  

This Note describes worksite enforcement of IRCA's employment eligibility verification requirements through the Form I-9 audit process by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The Note covers how an I-9 audit is initiated, which agencies may inspect I-9 Forms, what the audit process involves, and what sanctions ICE may impose.

A Standard Document for employers to use to provide instructions to remote employees and agents for the proper completion of the employment eligibility verfication Form I-9 Sections 1, 2 or 3 for the employer's remote employees. This Standard Document is based on federal law. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

This Ford & Harrison, LLP memorandum covers California's recent enaction of The Employment Acceleration Act of 2011. The new law prohibits California state and local governments from requiring employers to use the federal E-Verify program to check the employment eligibility of new employees. Despite the new law, California employers must continue to comply with the federal Employment Eligibility Verification (form I-9) process as well as the federal E-Verify requirements for federal contractors. Employers are also free to use the E-Verify program voluntarily.

In Kawashima v. Holder, the US Supreme Court held that lawful permanent residents of the United States who file false tax returns, or aid in doing so, can be deported for committing "aggravated felonies" under the Immigration and Nationality Act.

A sample cross-border secondment letter to be used in the expatriate context when a US employee is temporarily assigned to work abroad while remaining employed by the original (actual) employer. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

An overview of the key tax and practical issues executives and their employers should know before they go to the US.This article is part of the PLC US Special Report, which was published to mark the launch of PLC's first US services.

An employment eligibility verification compliance policy for an employer to adopt to govern its obligations under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA). This policy addresses issues related to IRCA's Form I-9 process, E-Verify, Social Security no-match, immigration sponsorship and avoiding national origin and citizenship discrimination in recruitment, hiring and termination. This Standard Document applies only to private workplaces. It is based on federal law. State or local law may impose additional or different requirements but this document will be useful and relevant to employers in every state. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits in Venezuela. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in the United Arab Emirates. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Turkey. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Switzerland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in South Korea. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Singapore. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Portugal. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Panama. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Mexico. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Jersey. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Italy. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Indonesia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Hong Kong. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Germany. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Finland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in the Czech Republic. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Colombia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Canada. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Brazil. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Austria. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Argentina. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has announced that employers should continue using the current Form I-9 after it expires on August 31, 2012. 

A Chart describing the major actions and required timeframes for action in the Form I-9 and E-Verify processes. The Form I-9 is required for all employers under The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, and E-Verify is mandatory for some employers and voluntary for others.

A Note describing employer obligations under state immigration laws in the US. This Note outlines the basic parameters developed in state immigration laws and the steps employers should take to comply with these laws.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Portugal. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Ireland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Brazil. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Venezuela. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in the UK (England and Wales). The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Switzerland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in South Korea. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Russian Federation. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Luxembourg. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Italy. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Germany. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Finland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in China. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Bulgaria. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Australia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

This tool enables subscribers to search the Country Q&A in the Employee Share Plans Handbook by question and jurisdiction. Simply select the questions and the jurisdictions that you are interested in and click the "submit" button.

The US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit recently issued opinions in three cases relating to state immigration laws, holding that several provisions of Alabama's and Georgia's laws penalizing illegal immigrants are preempted by federal immigration law. 

A Note discussing employer enrollment and participation in E-Verify as part of the IRCA I-9 employment eligibility verification process. This Note also provides best practices for employers considering E-Verify participation. This Note addresses federal law.

This chapter considers the extent to which a standard cross-border employment contract can be drafted to comply with the laws of more than one jurisdiction, focusing on the laws of France, Germany, Italy and the UK. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/labourhandbook.

The Department of Labor (DOL) announced a new online tool, the iCERT Labor Certification Registry, that will provide the public with real-time access to redacted documents in the H-1B, H-1B1, E-3, H-2A, H-2B and permanent labor certification (PERM) employment-based immigration programs beginning July 1, 2013.

This tool enables subscribers to search the Country Q&A in the Doing Business In... multi jurisdictional guide by question and jurisdiction. Simply select the questions and the jurisdictions that you are interested in and click the "submit" button. Please also note this project is currently being updated so the Q&A tool will not include all available jurisdictions in this subject area. Please also note this project is currently being updated so the Q&A tool will not include all available jurisdictions in this subject area.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Wisconsin. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbihandbook.

A Q&A guide to doing business in United States: Puerto Rico. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in United States: Puerto Rico as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in New York. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbihandbook.

A Q&A guide to doing business in United States: Michigan. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in United States: Michigan as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Colorado. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbihandbook.

A Q&A guide to doing business in US: Alabama. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in US: Alabama as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in United Kingdom. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in United Kingdom as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Turkey. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Turkey as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Thailand. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Thailand as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Switzerland. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Switzerland as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Spain. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in South Africa. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in South Africa as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Saudi Arabia. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Romania. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Romania as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Portugal. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Portugal as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Panama. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Panama as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Nigeria. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Nigeria as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Mozambique. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Mexico. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Mexico as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Luxembourg. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Luxembourg as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Japan. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Israel. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Indonesia. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Iceland. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Hong Kong. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbihandbook.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Gibraltar. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Gibraltar as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in France. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in France as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Egypt. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Dominican Republic. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Dominican Republic as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Czech Republic. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Czech Republic as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in China. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in China as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Canada. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Canada. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Canada. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Canada as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Bulgaria. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Bulgaria as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Bolivia. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Bolivia as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Belarus. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Belarus as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Bangladesh. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Bangladesh as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Australia. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Anguilla. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing Business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Angola. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Angola as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) designated Syria for temporary protected status (TPS) for a period of 18 months ending on September 30, 2013. TPS beneficiaries are eligible to remain in the US and to request employment authorization documents that can be used to satisfy employment eligibility requirements.

On May 11, 2012, the Department of State issued a second interim final rule amending the regulatory requirements of the Summer Work Travel category of the Exchange Visitor Program. The second interim final rule builds on the first interim final rule issued in 2011 to further protect the health, safety and welfare of J-1 summer workers.

On January 31, 2012, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced a series of administrative reforms it will undertake to attract and retain highly skilled immigrants to stimulate US job creation.

A Note describing discretionary deferred action for childhood arrivals offered by the Department of Homeland Security to young undocumented immigrants. This Note provides an explanation of deferred action, the eligibility criteria and the application procedures.

This article outlines the relevant Swiss law that may apply in the context of a cross-border inter-group company investigation. In particular the article will examine the position in Switzerland with regard to blocking statues and criminal offences as defined by Swiss courts, looking closely at the impact and interpretation of Articles 271(1), 273 and 162 of the Swiss Penal Code. The article further details the position in Switzerland on data protection, with regard to cross-border data flow and the employer's duty of care and briefly examines the employee's duty of loyalty and duty of confidentiality. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

This Standard Document is a form of letter to be used by a non-traveling parent or legal guardian to authorize the international travel of a minor child. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

In Limanseto v. Ganze & Company, the DOL held that an employer has to pay back wages to a former H-1B employee because it did not terminate the employee according to the requirements of the H-1B program. Specifically, the employer never offered to pay the cost of the employee's return trip. 

An expert Q&A with Michael D. Patrick of Fragomen, Del Rey, Bernsen & Loewy PC on the implications for employers of the US Supreme Court's decision in Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting, upholding Arizona's state immigration law.

This chapter concerns the issue of backdating of US share options, including: the potential difficulties that this practice may cause and the penalties that may be incurred; steps that companies can take to avoid falling foul of this practice; the implications for non-US companies; and the likely further developments in this area.

This Note describes how to apply for a nonimmigrant (temporary) visa to the US. It addresses where to apply, what documents to present and what issues a visa applicant might encounter.

This article summarises the amendments that Directive 2010/73/EU (Amending Directive) makes to Directive 2003/71/EC (Prospectus Directive) which are relevant to the operation of employee share plans in the EU and discusses their implications. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplanshandbook.