Cross-border: Commercial and International Trade

Italy specific information concerning product regulation, safety and recall issues.

UK specific information concerning product regulation, safety and recall issues.

France specific information concerning product regulation, safety and recall issues.

Germany specific information concerning product regulation, safety and recall issues.

UK specific issues raised by product liability claims.

Specimen distribution agreement, primarily designed for the appointment of an exclusive distributor. Although the agreement has been drafted with a view to bringing the appointment within the ambit of the EU Vertical Agreements Block Exemption Regulation (330/2010), it has been adapted from PLC's UK  version to provide a plain English, jurisdiction-neutral starting point for local counsel to adapt for use in cross-border transactions.

Master franchise agreement, primarily designed for the appointment of a master franchisee who is granted an exclusive right to operate a franchise and to grant (or sub-franchise) other franchises within a territory. This document has been adapted from PLC's UK version to provide a plain English, jurisdiction-neutral starting point for local counsel to adapt for use in cross-border transactions.

Standard document letter of intent, by which the parties outline their intention to buy and sell all the shares in a private company with wholly-owned subsidiaries. This standard document is drafted for a single buyer and a single seller. It includes legally binding provisions relating to the exclusivity of negotiations and costs and assumes that a confidentiality agreement has already been entered into. It has been drafted from the perspective of the buyer. This document is also often referred to as a heads of terms, term sheet or memorandum of understanding. This document has been adapted from PLC’s UK version to provide a plain English, jurisdiction-neutral starting point for local counsel to adapt for use in cross-border transactions.

A checklist of the main issues to be considered when appointing a sales or marketing agent and drafting an agency agreement.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Anguilla. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Anguilla as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Bolivia. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Bolivia as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Denmark. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Denmark as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Germany. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Germany as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in South Africa. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in South Africa as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in United States: Oklahoma. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in United States: Oklahoma as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Cambodia. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Cambodia as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Nigeria. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Nigeria as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Romania. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Romania as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in United States: Delaware. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in United States: Delaware as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in United States: Puerto Rico. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in United States: Puerto Rico as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Singapore. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Singapore as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing Business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Chile. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Chile as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Finland. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Finland as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Kuwait. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Kuwait as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Panama. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Panama as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Turkey. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Turkey as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in China. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in China as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Hong Kong. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Hong Kong as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Mexico. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Mexico as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in South Korea. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in South Korea as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in US: Alabama. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in US: Alabama as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

This table is part of the Doing Business in multi-jurisdictional guide. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Canada. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Bahrain. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in the United States. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Argentina. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Belgium. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Canada. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Hungary. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Indonesia. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Japan. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in New Zealand. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in the Russian Federation. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in The Netherlands. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Vietnam. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

This article examines the legal and commercial consequences of the 2010 BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill and considers how the future of the global oil and gas industry might be shaped as a result.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Israel. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Colorado. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbihandbook.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Texas. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbihandbook.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Bangladesh. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Bangladesh as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Belarus. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Belarus as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

On 27 March 2013, the European Commission launched a public consultation on a possible EU initiative on responsible sourcing of minerals originating from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The consultation runs until 26 June 2013.

On 11 December 2012, the European Parliament approved at second reading the Council's first reading position on a draft Regulation establishing transitional arrangements for bilateral investment agreements between member states and third countries. Note: The new Regulation was published in the Official Journal on 20 December 2012, see Legal update, Bilateral investment treaties: Regulation establishing transitional arrangements published in Official Journal.

On 16 October 2012, the European Commission published its opinion on the Council's first reading position on the adoption of a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing transitional arrangements for bilateral investment agreements between member states and third countries.

The Foreign Affairs Council, on 26 June 2012, reached a political agreement on its position at first reading on a draft Regulation establishing transitional arrangements for bilateral investment agreements between member states and third countries. It will need to be adopted formally and sent to the European Parliament for adoption at second reading.

The Council, on 16 March 2012, took stock of negotiations with the European Parliament on a draft Regulation establishing transitional arrangements for bilateral investment agreements between member states and third countries. The draft Regulation is awaiting the Council's first reading under the ordinary legislative procedure.

On 6 April 2011, the European Parliament adopted an own-initiative resolution on the future European international investment policy.

On 25 October 2010, the Foreign Affairs Council adopted a set of conclusions on a comprehensive European international investment policy.

Drafting notes on an agreement for the appointment of an exclusive sales agent, who is authorised to negotiate and enter into contracts of sale on the principal's behalf. These drafting notes relate to a jurisdiction-neutral agreement, which has been adapted from PLC's UK version to provide a plain English, jurisdiction-neutral starting point for local counsel to adapt for use in cross border transactions. The agreement provisionally asssumes that both parties operate in the EU. The notes are intended to provide an introduction to drafting, negotiating and legal issues affecting the agreement. References to the specific law of a country are based on the Practice note, Agency: international overview and the accompanying Country Q&A, and are correct as at the date stated on that note.

These drafting notes accompany an agreement setting up a direct franchise between the business owner and the franchisee, which provides a plain English, jurisdiction-neutral starting point for local counsel to adapt for use in cross border transactions. The notes are intended to provide an introduction to drafting, negotiating and legal issues that affect the agreement. Such an arrangement might not be feasible in an international context (see Practice note, Franchising: international overview), in which case the franchisee could be appointed by the master franchisee for a territory.  References to the specific law of a country are based on the above practice note and the accompanying Country Q&A, and are correct as at the date stated on that note.

Drafting notes for a standard document letter of intent on a cross-border private company acquisition. Includes key legal, negotiating and drafting issues for a buyer and seller.