A Practice Note on sanctions in federal civil litigation. This Note identifies common sources of authority for sanctions in federal court, including sanctions against attorneys for unreasonably and vexatiously increasing costs under 28 U.S.C. § 1927, sanctions for misconduct under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP) (including FRCP 11(c), FRCP 26(g), and FRCP 37), and sanctions under a court's inherent authority. This Note also addresses the standards for imposing sanctions, who a court may sanction, and the types of sanctions available under each of these sources of authority.