A Practice Note describing the legal issues related to maintaining a workplace free of alcohol and illegal drugs, including marijuana. This Note identifies and describes the circumstances under which private employers may test employees and job applicants for alcohol and illegal drugs. It also explains the extent to which private employers must reasonably accommodate employees and applicants with alcohol- or drug-related disabilities. This Note applies only to private employers that are not subject to the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988. It addresses federal law. State or local law may impose additional or different requirements, but this document is useful and relevant to employers in every state.